Shorelines

by Kristen Goodhue

There’s still time to defeat Phragmites, an invasive reed running rampant throughout the U.S., including Chesapeake Bay wetlands. But controlling Phragmites is not easy, and it cannot be done everywhere. A new study published January 24, 2023 revealed new insights into where Phragmites control stands the best chance of success, and what wetlands might look like as native species return. 

Phragmites australis, also known as the common reed, began exploding across the Chesapeake in the 1970s. While a native strain exists, it has been hard-pressed to compete with the invasive strain from Eurasia. It forms dense stands with shoots that can grow over 15 feet tall, eventually crowding out native plants. 

by Dr. Jenny Carney 

A few years ago, a massive tanker leaving lower Chesapeake Bay with a cargo of natural gas was a rare sight. Today—thanks to the booming liquefied natural gas (LNG) production on U.S. soil—they’ve become commonplace.   

The U.S. is now the largest exporter of LNG globally. In July 2022, exports from all U.S. LNG facilities averaged 11.1 billion cubic feet per day. Further LNG export projects are underway in the U.S., which could expand combined daily export capacity by another 5.7 billion cubic feet daily.  

At the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), scientists in the Marine Invasions Laboratory study an underreported side effect of this trade: how shipping can transport invasive species around the globe, by picking up aquatic “hitchhikers.” In a new project, I and others in the lab are attempting to zero in on the trade’s impact in Chesapeake Bay. 

by Kristen Goodhue

Justin Nowakowski’s work defies easy labels. He’s part amphibian tracker, part global change ecologist, part conservation biologist and part microclimate detector. He joined SERC as one of three new principal investigators this fall, after finishing a joint fellowship with the Smithsonian’s Working Land and Seascapes Initiative and Conservation International. In this Q&A, he dives into why thinking global requires zeroing in on the local. Edited for brevity and clarity.

Were there any moments or experiences that especially inspired you to be a scientist?

A senior thesis project that I worked on. It was a really simple project. All we were doing was trying to estimate abundances of larval stream salamanders…And we found they were far more abundant than we would have guessed, up to 100 individuals per meter squared in some of these streams. Highly abundant. But really going through that research experience, from inception to project design to data collection to analysis to communication, was for me an eye-opening experience.

by Kristen Goodhue

Rebecca Hale joined the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) last fall as the center’s first urban ecologist. Her new lab, the Watershed Science Lab, focuses on how cities can develop sustainably, especially where urban streams are concerned. In this Q&A, she talks about urban ecology, community-based science, environmental justice and the streams that scientists often forget. Edited for brevity and clarity.

When did you first know you wanted to be a scientist?

When I first started undergrad, I did not think I wanted to go into science at all. I didn’t really understand how creative science could be, and I wanted to do something that involved more creativity and not just memorizing stuff, which is how I was taught science in high school, as I’m sure most of us were.

And I took this ecology class where we had to be really creative to come up with interesting questions and think about what the answers to those questions could be. And we had to work collaboratively with our classmates, colleagues, to really figure out what was going on and what shaped ecosystems to be the way they are today.

by Kristen Goodhue

When choosing which parts of the ocean to protect, many conservationists immediately jump to coral reefs or, occasionally, seagrasses and mangroves. But there’s another habitat that’s routinely forgotten. Sand flats harbor disproportionately high levels of species not found in other ecosystems, according to a new study led by the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) and Marine Global Earth Observatory (MarineGEO) program.

by Jaylene Lopez

This article originally appeared in ECO Magazine, for their special November issue on Marine Invasions.

What if there was a way to create a seawall that aided local ecosystems instead of hindering them? This October, the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) launched the Living Seawall Pilot Project with the Port of San Francisco. The project aims to test new materials and design for San Francisco seawalls that may promote biodiversity, and create a more harmonious relationship between people and San Francisco Bay’s marine life.

by the SERC Marine Invasions Lab and the Charles Darwin Foundation

The Marine Invasions Research Laboratory of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) in the United States and the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) of the Galápagos, Ecuador are pleased to announce the launch of the Galápagos Non-Native Estuarine and Marine Organisms database portal (GalNEMO).

Though long treasured as a refuge for biodiversity—and its critical role in Darwin’s theory of evolution—the Galápagos is not immune to invasion. In fact, more than 50 nonnative species have already found their way to the Galápagos Islands, SERC and CDF reported in 2019—more than 10 times the number scientists previously thought.

by Nathaniel Humpal

Many people know that invasive species can harm local ecosystems. But one of the keys to their success—how quickly they can enter a new environment—remains shrouded in mystery. The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) zeroed in on this issue in a new paper, highlighting the dangers of ignoring the potential of invasive species’ reproductivity.

Published in the December issue of Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, the new paper focused on invasive marine invertebrates that gather on ships’ hulls. These invertebrates go by the name biofoulers. They build up on hulls, and can remain there for a long time, until they reach an area ideal for reproduction.

“We focus on marine invertebrates in the paper because they’re a group that’s especially likely to rely on spawning to be introduced, because they don’t move for most of their lives!” said Sarah Donelan, a researcher at SERC’s Marine Invasions Lab and lead author of the paper. Since biofoulers can stay on hulls throughout the ships’ journeys, ships can introduce them to multiple new areas. Sooner or later, they’ll reach an area ideal for them to reproduce and invade the local ecosystem.

by Jaylene Lopez

In late summer 2022, San Francisco Bay experienced an unprecedented toxic algal bloom that caused a red tide across the bay, leading to the largest fish kill in years. Experts are still trying to figure out its cause.